Determination of Specific Gravity of Liquid (Relative density) with Calculation and Explanation

Specific gravity
The specific gravity is the ratio between the density of an object, and a reference substance. The specific gravity can tell us, based on its value, if the object will sink or float in our reference substance. Usually our reference substance is water which always has a density of 1 gram per milliliter or 1 gram per cubic centimeter.specific gravity is the ratio of the weight of a volume of the substance to the weight of an equal volume of the reference substance. The density of water varies with temperature and pressure as does the density of the sample. So it is necessary to specify the temperatures and pressures at which the densities or weights were determined.Being a ratio of densities, specific gravity is a dimensionless quantity. The density of water varies with temperature and pressure as does the density of the sample. So it is necessary to specify the temperatures and pressures at which the densities or weights were determined
Unless otherwise stated in the individual monograph, the density is defined as the mass of a unit volume of the substance at
25°, expressed in kilograms per cubic meter or grams per cubic centimeter (1 kg/m3 = 10–3 g/cm3). Where the density is
known, mass can be converted to volume, or volume converted to mass, by the formula: volume = mass/density.
Specific gravity is commonly used in industry as a simple means of obtaining information about the concentration of solutions of various materials, or of quality control for polymer materials: to evaluate physical changes, or determine degree of uniformity between samples or lots.
Two methods are commonly used for determining the specific gravities of liquids. One method uses the hydrometer , an instrument that gives a specific gravity reading directly. A second method, called the bottle method, uses a specific-gravity bottle, i.e., a flask made to hold a known volume of liquid at a specified temperature (usually 20°C). The bottle is weighed, filled with the liquid whose specific gravity is to be found, and weighed again. The difference in weights is divided by the weight of an equal volume of water to give the specific gravity of the liquid.


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